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Documentation Index

Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://kamino.com/docs/llms.txt

Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

Because Institutional Yield loans exist off-chain, the transparency framework is designed to give depositors as much visibility as possible into the health and composition of the loan portfolio, through multiple independent channels.

Real-time loan data

The lending operation provides per-loan data directly from its systems. This data is sourced from an industry-standard loan management and collateral tracking platform used by major institutional counterparties.

What depositors can see

Data pointGranularitySource
Collateral assetPer loanLending operation
Loan amountsPer loanLending operation
Collateral valuePer loan (collateral value at current market price)Lending operation
LTV per loanPer loanCalculated from loan amount and collateral value
Portfolio-weighted average LTVAggregateCalculated from per-loan data
Number of active loansAggregateLending operation
Total collateral valueAggregateLending operation
This data is displayed in the Vault Analytics section of the Institutional Yield vault UI on Kamino.

Monthly attestation

An independent accounting firm conducts monthly attestations of the Institutional Yield portfolio. The attestation covers:
  • Loan balances outstanding — total and per-loan amounts verified against the lending operation’s records
  • Collateral coverage ratios — independent verification that collateral values match reported positions
  • Portfolio health metrics — assessment of overall portfolio status
The attestation is a formal, signed document produced by a professional accounting firm. It is the primary independent verification mechanism for off-chain lending activity.

Additional oversight

The lending operation also reports to the Financial Market Authority (FMA) in Liechtenstein, providing additional regulatory oversight beyond the independent attestation.

Comparison to other institutional lending products

MechanismKamino Institutional YieldTypical off-chain lending
Per-loan dataAvailable — loan amounts, collateral values, LTV per loanRarely disclosed
Real-time dataContinuous feed from lending operation systemsUsually monthly or quarterly reports only
Independent attestationMonthly (independent accounting firm)Quarterly or annual
Regulatory oversightTop-tier jurisdiction (FMA)Typically unregulated